SOURCE
SourceID Authors Reference Model Category Update SourceDB Notes
12RT/IPCC94 From Grubler



IPCC94
ABARE Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics Australian energy consumption and production: historical trends and projections to 2009-10, Canberra, February 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
ADLMN94 Center for Energy & Environmental Policy Research, MIT World Oil History, March 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1995
ADLMN95 Center for Energy & Environmental Policy Research, MIT M.A.Adelman, "The Genie Out of the Bottle: World Oil Since 1970", Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
AGE/IPCC94 Manne et al, 1993



IPCC94
AIM/EMF14 Matsuoka et al. EMF14 Asian-Pacific Integrated Model ( AIM )
1997 EMF14
AIM/IPCC94 Matsuoka et al, 1993



IPCC94
AIM/JAPAN97 Matsuoka et al. Projections of carbon dioxide emission and its reduction in Japan, NIES report, 1997. Asian-Pacific Integrated Model ( AIM ) Bottom Up, Optimization 1997

AIM94 Matsuoka et al. Matsuoka et al., 1994: Scenario analysis of global warming using the Asian-Pacific integrated model, Energy Policy, 23(4/5), 357-372. Asian Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) Bottom up, Optimization 1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
AIM95 Matsuoka et al.
Asian-Pacific Integrated Model ( AIM )



AIM96 Matsuoka et al. Matsuoka et al., 1994: Scenario analysis of global warming using the Asian-Pacific integrated model, Energy Policy, 23(4/5), 357-372. Asian Pacific Integrated Model (AIM)
1996 EMF14
AMOCO Amoco Corporation "World Oil and Energy Outlook", May 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
Anderson/IPCC94 Bird, 1992



IPCC94
Bach/IPCC94 Bach, 1991



IPCC94
BNL93 Brookhaven National Laboratory submitted to CHALLENGE, October 1993 MARKAL-MAKRO
1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
BNL95 Brookhaven National Laboratory Photovoltaic Energy Impacts on U.S. CO2 emissions, June 1995. MARKAL-MAKRO
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
CECO Cambridge Econometrics United Kingdom Energy and the Environment, July 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1995
CERD Centre for Energy Research and Development, Nigeria University Submitted for CHALLENGE, 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
CETA/EMF14 Peck and Teisberg EMF14 CETA
1997 EMF14
CETA/IPCC94 Peck et al, 1993



IPCC94
CETA95 Peck and Teisberg CETA: A Model for Carbon Emissions Trajectory Assessment, Energy Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1(1992), pp 55-77. Projection submitted June 1995. CETA
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1996
CETA95/EMF Peck and Teisberg Peck and Teisberg, 1995: Optimal CO2 control policy with stochastic losses from temperature rise, Climatic Change, 31, 19-34. Carbon Emissions Trajectory Assessment Model (CETA)
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
Challenge/IPCC94




IPCC94
CHEE Centre for Human Ecology, Edinburgh, UK. Slesser, King, Crane: "Non-Monetary Indicators of Sustainability Edinburgh, 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
CRPS Hammitt, J.K. Hammitt, J.K., 1995: Outcome and value uncertainties in global change policy, Climatic Change, 30(2), 125-145. Climate Research and Policy Synthesis Model
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
CRPS/EMF14 Hammitt, J.K. EMF14 Climate Research and Policy Synthesis Model
1997 EMF14
CRTM/IPCC94 Rutherford, 1992



IPCC94
CUTEC93 Chalmers University of Technology Submitted to CHALLENGE, April 1993

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
CUTEC95 Chalmers University of Technology Markal-Macro Studies for Sweden, May 1995 MARKAL-MACRO
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
DICE Nordhaus, W.D. Nordhaus, W.D., 1994: Managing the global commons: The economics of the greenhouse effect, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Dynamic Integrated Climate and Economy Model (DIES)
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
DICE/EMF14 Nordhaus, W.D. EMF14 Dynamic Integrated Climate and Economy Model (DIES)
1997 EMF14
DICE/IPCC94 Nordhaus, 1993



IPCC94
DRI DRI World Energy Forecast Report - December 1993

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
ECCO M. Slesser, Edinburgh University UK-ECCO model, M. Slesser, Edinburgh University, 1994. UK-ECCO
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
ECS92/IPCC94 ECS, 1992 LP model, read from Naki



IPCC94
EIA94 EIA/U.S. Department of Energy International Energy Outlook, 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1995
EIA96 EIA/U.S. Department of Energy International Energy Outlook, 1996 (May 1996).

1996 IEW Poll Results, 1997
EIS/IPCC94




IPCC94
EMF14 Assumptions
EMF14




EPA/IPCC94 Global US



IPCC94
ERM/IPCC94 Edmons et al, 1991



IPCC94
ESCAP UNESCAP, Bangkok State-of-the-Environment Report, October 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
ESCAPE/IPCC94 Rotmans et al, 1994



IPCC94
EU European Commission DG XVII European Energy to 2020: A scenario approach Energy in Europe, special issue, forthcoming, submitted in December 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
EWC Ease-West Center Presented at the IEW meeting, June 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
EWC/IEW95 Russia Energy Project, East-West Center, Honolulu. Asia-Pacific Energy Outlook-Honolulu: PREM EWC, January 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1995
EWC/IEW97 Russia Energy Project, East-West Center, Honolulu and Gapmer Update of Pacific Energy Outlook: EWC, Honolulu, May 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
FUGI7.0/IPCC94 Onishi, 1993



IPCC94
FUND Tol,R.S.J. Tol,R.S.J., 1995: The climate fund sensitivity, uncertainty, and robustness analyses, W-95/02, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. Climate Framework
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
FUND/EMF14 Tol,R.S.J. EMF14 Climate Framework
1997 EMF14
GLOBAL2100/92 Alan Manne Alan Manne, October 1992. Global 2100
1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
GLOBAL2100/93 Alan Manne and Leo Schrattenholzer "Harmonized Conventional" CHALLENGE Scenario Alan Manne and Leo Schrattenholzer, April 1993 Global 2100
1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
GLOBAL2100/IPCC94 Manne et al, 1994



IPCC94
GOTO Noriyuki Goto Macroeconomic and Sectoral Impacts of Carbon Taxation, Noriyuki Goto, forthcoming in Energy Economics, December 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
GREEN GREEN submitted to CHALLENGE, July 1993. OECD GREEN model
1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
GREEN/IPCC94 OECD



IPCC94
GREEN91/IPCC94 Burniaux at al, 1991



IPCC94
GREEN92/IPCC94 Burniaux at al, 1992



IPCC94
GRI Gas Research Institute GRI Baseline Projection of U.S. Energy Supply and Demand to 2010, 1994 edition, December 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
HCRA Hammitt, J.K. Hammitt, J.K., 1995: Harvard Center for Risk Analysis

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
HCRA/EMF14 Hammitt, J.K. EMF14

1997 EMF14
IAEA IAEA Energy, Electricity, and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up tp 2015, July 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
ICAM2 Dowlatabadi, H. Dowlatabadi, H., 1995: Integrated assessment climate assessment model 2.0, technical documentation, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh. Integrated Climate Assessment Model 2.0 (ICAM)
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
ICAM2/EMF14 Dowlatabadi, H. EMF14 Integrated Climate Assessment Model 2.0 (ICAM)
1997 EMF14
IEA IEA World Energy Outlook, 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
IEA&ETSAP/BEL VITO and CES/KU Leuven, IEA-ETSAP/Annex IV Submitted to CHALLENGE, September 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
IEA&ETSAP/JPN JAERI, IEA-ETSAP/Annex IV Submitted to CHALLENGE, November 1992

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IEA&ETSAP/NOR Ife Kjeller, IEA-ETSAP/Annex IV Submitted to CHALLENGE, November 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IEA&ETSAP/SWI PSI, IEA-ETSAP/Annex IV Submitted to CHALLENGE, November 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IEA/IPCC94 Energy is calculated with EMF Base Case, Table A1 in Aug.1991



IPCC94
IEA92/IPCC94 Vouyoukas, 1992



IPCC94
IEA93/IPCC94 Vouyoukas et al, 1993



IPCC94
IEEBF Institute of Energy Economics, Bariloche Foundation Submitted to CHALLENGE, March 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
IER/AU&GE Balandynowicz H. W. Balandynowicz H. W., The Cost of CO2 Emissions Reduction: Case Study for Austria, Stuttgart University, 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
IER/FRG Egbert Laege Egbert Laege, CO2 Reduction Strategies for Germany, submitted to CHALLENGE, June 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IER/POL Balandynowicz, H.W. et al. Balandynowicz, H.W. et al. (1992), "CO2 Reduction Strategies for Poland", submitted to CHALLENGE

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IERP Institute of Energy Research, Prague Submitted to CHALLENGE, November 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IEW






IEW/IPCC94 IEW, 1991



IPCC94
IGER Institute of General Energy Research Submitted to CHALLENGE, January1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
IGIDR Indiria Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Simulation of Macroeconomic Scenarios (SIMA), January 1994. SIMA
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
IIASA/ECS IIASA "Long-Term Strategies for Mitigating Global Warming", 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IIASA/EMF14 IIASA EMF14

1997 EMF14
IIASA/GECCP IIASA Yuri Sinyak, January 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
IIASA/IPCC94 Rogner, 1983



IPCC94
IIASA96



1996

IIASAWEC IIASA & WEC WEC/IIASA: Global energy perspectives to 2050 and beyond, World Energy Council, London, 1995.

1995

IMAGE2.0 Alcamo, J. Alcamo, J. (ed.), 1994: Image 2.0: Integrated modeling of global climate change, Kluwer, Dordecht, The Netherlands. IMAGE 2.0
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
IMAGE2.1 RIVM 1. Alcamo, J., G.J.J. Kreileman, J.C. Bollen, G.J. van den Born, R. Gerlagh, M.S. Krol, A.M.C. Toet and H.J.M. de Vries, 1996. " Baseline scenarios of global environmental change." Global Environmental Change. 6(4):261-303. 2. Leemans, R., A. van Amstel, C. Battjes, E. Kreileman and S. Toet, 1996. " The land cover and carbon cycle consequence of large-scale utilization's of biomass as an energy source." Global Environmental Change. 6(4):335-377. 3. Alcamo, J. and G.J.J. Kreileman, 1996. " Emission scenarios and global climate protection." Global Environmental Change. 6(4):303-334. 4. Posch, M., J.P. Hettelingh, J. Alcamo and M. Krol, 1996. " Integrated scenarios of acidification and climate change in Asia and Europe.' Global Environmental Change. 6(4):375-394. IMAGE 2.1.
1996
LESS BI scenario is not yet included. Soon will be added.
INET Institute for Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Long-Term Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions of China, December 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
IPCC90/IPCC94 IPCC1990, 1990EIS Ref



IPCC94
IS92 J. Leggett, W.J. Pepper and R.J. Swart 1. J. Leggett, W.J. Pepper and R.J Swart, "Emissions Scenarios for the IPCC: an Update", Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to The IPCC Scientific Assessment, 68-95, 1992.
2. W. J. Pepper, R.J. Leggett, R.J. Swart, J. Wasson, J. Edmonds and I. Mintzer, " Emission Scenarios for the IPCC - and Update : Backgroud Documentation on Assumptions, Methodology, and Results", US EPA, Washington, D.C.
Atmospheric Stabilization Framework ( ASF )
1992

ITF-D4/IPCC94 Shishido, 1992



IPCC94
ITRI R.T. Young R.T. Young, "Final Report on Energy Strategies for the Reduction of CO2 Emissions", Energy Commission of MOEA, June 1996.

1996 IEW Poll Results, 1997
IW Institut fuer Waermetechnik Submitted to CHALLENGE, April 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
KEEI93 Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI) "Outlook for Energy Demand and National Energy Policy Toward the 21st Century", December 1993

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
KEEI94 Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI) "Long-Term Energy Forecast through the Year 2030", November 1994

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
KFASTE Juelich Research Center Energy Use and Air Pollution in Indonesia, December 1994. KFA-STE
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
LBL95 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory "Cost of Limiting Carbon Emissions - China Case Study", December 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
LBL96 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory "Cost of Limiting Carbon Emissions - China Case Study", December 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
LYNCH Center for International Studies, MIT, MOE Submitted to the IEW, January 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
MACAS Macedonian Academy of Sciences Pop-Jordanov, Presentation at the 16th WEC Congress, October 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
MANNE Alan S. Manne Alan S. Manne, "International Trade - the Impact of Unilateral Carbon Emission Limits", July 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
Manne&Richels/IPCC94 1992



IPCC94
MARIA/EMF14 Mori Shunsuke EMF14 MARIA
1997 EMF14
MARIA95 Mori Shunsuke Mori, S., Long-term interactions among economy, environment, energy, and land-use changes - An extension of MARIA Model, Technonical Report IA-TR-95-04, Science University of Tokoy, Japan MARIA
1997

MARIA95/IEW Mori Shunsuke Mori, S., 1995: Long-term interactions among economy, environment, energy, and land-use changes - An extension of MARIA (Multiregional Approach for Resource and Industry Allocation Model), Technical Report IA-TR-95-04, Science University of Tokyo, Japan. MARIA
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
MERGE/EMF14 A.S.Manne and R.G. Richels EMF14 MERGE
1997 EMF14
MERGE/IEW96 MERGE model MERGE; A.S. Manne and R.G. Richels, "The Greenhouse Debate: Economic Efficiency, Burden Sharing and Hedging Strategies", The Energy Journal, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1-37, 1995. MERGE
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1996
MERGE/IEW97 A.S.Manne and R.G. Richels Manne,A.S., and R.G. Richels, 1995: "The Greenhouse Debate: Economic Efficiency, Burden Sharing and Hedging Strategies", The Energy Journal, 16 (4), 1-37. MERGE
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
MERGE/IPCC94 Manne et al, 1993



IPCC94
MERGE3.0 A.S.Manne and R.G. Richels A.S.Manne and R.G. Richels, MERGE 3, preliminary reference case results, January 1997. MERGE 3
1997 IEW Poll Results, 1997
MERGE94 A.S.Manne and R.G. Richels Noncooperative scenario - no carbon limitations, November 1994. MERGE
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1995
MethaneEconomy/IPCC94 METHAN E, 1988



IPCC94
MINICAM/EMF14 Edmonds et al. EMF14 MiniGlobal Change Assessment Model (MiniCAM)
1997 EMF14
MINICAM94 Edmonds et al. Edmonds et al., 1994: Design for the global change assessment model, proceedings of the International Workshop on Integrative Assessment Mitigation, Impacts, and Adaptation to Climate Change, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, 13-15 October. MiniGlobal Change Assessment Model (MiniCAM)
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
MINICAM97 Edmonds et al.
MiniGlobal Change Assessment Model (MiniCAM)
1997

Mintzer/IPCC94 WRI, 1987



IPCC94
MIT Center for Global Change Science and Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research MIT,1994: Center for Global Change Science and Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, "Joint program on the science and technology of global climate change". Cambridge, MA. MIT
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
MIT/EMF14 Center for Global Change Science and Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research EMF14 MIT
1997 EMF14
MR/IPCC94 Manne et al, 1991



IPCC94
N-Y/IPCC94 1983



IPCC94
NEA NEA,Nuclear Energy Agency Nuclear energy data and other non-published documents, May 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
Nordhaus/IPCC94 Yoh,1983



IPCC94
NSUWG NEPA(China), SPC (China), UNDP, GEF China: Issues and Options in GHGs Emission Control, Summary Report, December 1994; transscribed at IIASA by Wei Zhihong.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
NWEAR21/EMF14 Yasumasa Fujii et al. EMF14 New Earth 21
1997 EMF14
NWEAR21/IEW95 Yasumasa Fujii et al Yasumasa Fujii et al., "Global Energy System and CO2 Emissions Control Policies", June 1993 (revised March 1994). New Earth 21
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1995
NWEAR21/IEW97 Yasumasa Fujii et al. Yasumasa Fujii et al., "Global Energy System and CO2 Emissions Control Policies", June 1993 (revised March 1994). New Earth 21
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
ODELL Peter Odell Global Energy Prospects, 1994. EURICES/PRO
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
Ogawa/IPCC94 Ogaswa, 1990



IPCC94
OLADE/IEW95 OLADE "Energy Prospects", Phase~II, Final Results, March 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
OLADE/IEW96 OLADE "Energy Prospects", Phase~II, Final Results, March 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
OWEM/IEW95 OPEC World Energy Model Submitted to CHALLENGE, September 1993. OPEC World Energy Model (OWEM)
1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
OWEM/IEW97 OPEC World Energy Model Submitted to the IEW Poll, December 1995. OPEC World Energy Model (OWEM)
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
PAGE/EMF14
EMF14

1997 EMF14
PEF/EMF14
EMF14

1997 EMF14
PEFM Cohan et al. Cohan et al., 1994: The global climate policy evaluation framework, proceedings of the 1994 A&WMA Global Climate Change Conference: Phoenix, 5-8 April, Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh. Policy Evaluation Framwork Model
1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
PLASY W. Bojarski, J. Cofala et al. W. Bojarski, J. Cofala et al., "Energy Policy in Poland and Development Program up to 2010", October 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
PLMCP Polish Ministry for Central Planning, Poland Submitted by J.S. Michna, February 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
PLMIT Polish Ministry for Industry and Trade, Poland Institute for Fundamental Technical Problems "Energy Policy and Draft Program for Poland up to 2010", July 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
PSI Paul Scherrer Institute MARKAL-MACRO runs for Switzerland. Swiss country study submitted to the CHALLENGE project, September 1995. MARKAL-MACRO
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
RAND/EMF14
EMF14

1997 EMF14
RICE Nordhaus et al. Nordhaus and Yang, 1995: RICE: A regional dynamic general equilibrium model of optimal climate change policy, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. Regional DICE (RICE)
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
RICE/EMF14 Nordhaus et al. EMF14 Regional DICE (RICE)
1997 EMF14
RIGES/IPCC94




IPCC94
Rogner/IPCC94 Rogner, 1986



IPCC94
SGM97 Jay Edmonds, Ronald D Sands
SGM



SNEA National Energy Administration Submitted to the IEW in June 1994.

1994 IEW Poll Results, 1997
TARGET RIVM Rotmans, J., 1995: TARGETS (Tool to Assess Regional and Global Environmental and Health Targets for Sustainability) in transition, RIVM Report, Rijksinstitut Voor Volksgezondheid En Milieuhygiene (National Institute for Public Health and Environment), Bi TARGETS
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
TARGETS/EMF14 RIVM EMF14 TARGETS
1997 EMF14
TEC/IPCC94 Okada et al, 1991



IPCC94
TEESE/IEW96 Tata Energy Research Institute TERI Energy Economy Evaluation and Simulation (TEESE) Model, June~1995. TEESE
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1996
TEESE/IEW97 TataEnergy Research Institute, New Delhi "Structural Transformation Processes toward Sustainable Development in India and Switzerland", INFRAS, Zurich, May 1996. Results are based upon TEEESE (energy, environment, economics) model for India, October 1996. TEESE
1996 IEW Poll Results, 1997
TSUNI INET/ITEESA, Tsinghua University, Beijing Submitted to CHALLENGE, September 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
UN 92 LR



1996

UN 96



1996

US Cens.Bur.



1996

UTRUNI Utrecht University, Dept. of Science, Technology and Society, Reference case ICARUS, "The Potential for Energy Conservation in the Netherlands up to the Year 2000, May 1992.

1992 IEW Poll Results, 1995
VEIKI/IEW95 Veiki Submitted to CHALLENGE, February 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1995
VEIKI/IEW96 Veiki Submitted to CHALLENGE, February 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
WEC World Energy Council September 1993.

1997 IEW Poll Results, 1996
WEC/IPCC94 WEC REFERENCE, 1993



IPCC94
World Bank



1996

WorldBank/IPCC94 Anderson et al, 1992



IPCC94
WorldScan/EMF14 Johannes Bollen, Arjan Gielen WorldScan by the CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis WorldScan
1997 EMF14
YOHE/EMF14 Gary Yohe, Wesleyan University EMF14 Connecticut Model
1997 EMF14
YOHE/IEW97 Gary Yohe, Wesleyan University Yohe, G., 1995: Exercises in hedging against extreme consequences of global change and the expected value of information, Department of Economics, Wesleyan University, CT. Connecticut Model
1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
YOHEU Gary Yohe, Wesleyan University Integrated Assessment Model, results submitted to the IEW Poll, December 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997
YURI/IEW96A Siberian Energy Institute Yuri Kononov, October 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
YURI/IEW96B Siberian Energy Institute Yuri Kononov, October 1993.

1993 IEW Poll Results, 1996
YURI/IEW97 YuriSinyak, ECS, IIASA TEPCO Study, May 1995.

1995 IEW Poll Results, 1997